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| """
座舱 OOP 风险评估系统
基于: NHTSA 碰撞数据 + Volvo/Chalmers 仿真结果 + Euro NCAP 仿真程序
功能:
1. 根据座椅角度评估 submarining 风险
2. 计算各伤害指标的变化
3. 输出安全带/气囊策略建议
"""
import numpy as np
from typing import Tuple, List, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
class PostureType(Enum):
"""乘员姿态类型"""
NORMAL_UPRIGHT = "normal_upright"
SEMI_RECLINED = "semi_reclined"
FULLY_RECLINED = "fully_reclined"
SIDE_FACING = "side_facing"
REAR_FACING = "rear_facing"
STANDING = "standing"
class RiskLevel(Enum):
"""风险等级"""
SAFE = 0
LOW_RISK = 1
MEDIUM_RISK = 2
HIGH_RISK = 3
CRITICAL = 4
@dataclass
class CrashScenario:
"""碰撞场景"""
speed_kmh: float = 56.0
crash_type: str = "frontal"
duration_ms: int = 120
@dataclass
class InjuryMetrics:
"""伤害指标"""
hic: float = 0.0
abdominal_compression: float = 0.0
chest_compression: float = 0.0
pelvic_slip: float = 0.0
neck_extension: float = 0.0
class OOPRiskAssessment:
"""
OOP 风险评估引擎
基于 Volvo/Chalmers 2020 仿真数据插值
用于实时评估座舱乘员安全风险
"""
BASELINE = InjuryMetrics(
hic=700,
abdominal_compression=30,
chest_compression=40,
pelvic_slip=5,
neck_extension=15
)
ANGLE_EFFECTS = {
'hic': 0.025,
'abdominal': 0.020,
'chest': -0.012,
'pelvic_slip': 0.017,
'neck': 0.015,
}
HIC_THRESHOLD = 1000
CHEST_COMPRESSION_LIMIT = 63
ABDOMINAL_LIMIT = 85
def __init__(self, scenario: CrashScenario = CrashScenario()):
self.scenario = scenario
def assess_recline_risk(self,
seat_angle: float,
occupant_size: str = 'average',
age: int = 35) -> dict:
"""
评估后仰姿态风险
Args:
seat_angle: 座椅靠背角度 (°), 25=标准, 60=完全后仰
occupant_size: 'small'/'average'/'large'
age: 乘员年龄
Returns:
risk assessment
"""
delta_angle = seat_angle - 25
metrics = InjuryMetrics()
for attr, rate in self.ANGLE_EFFECTS.items():
base_val = getattr(self.BASELINE, attr)
change = 1 + rate * delta_angle
speed_factor = (self.scenario.speed_kmh / 56.0) ** 2
predicted = base_val * change * speed_factor
size_factor = self._get_size_factor(occupant_size, attr)
predicted *= size_factor
age_factor = self._get_age_factor(age, attr)
predicted *= age_factor
setattr(metrics, attr, predicted)
risk_level = self._determine_risk(metrics, seat_angle)
submarining_risk = self._assess_submarining(seat_angle, metrics)
restraint_advice = self._get_restraint_strategy(seat_angle, risk_level)
airbag_advice = self._get_airbag_strategy(seat_angle, risk_level)
return {
'seat_angle': seat_angle,
'posture': self._classify_posture(seat_angle),
'injury_metrics': {
'hic': round(metrics.hic, 1),
'hic_threshold': self.HIC_THRESHOLD,
'hic_ratio': round(metrics.hic / self.HIC_THRESHOLD, 2),
'abdominal_compression': round(metrics.abdominal_compression, 1),
'chest_compression': round(metrics.chest_compression, 1),
'pelvic_slip': round(metrics.pelvic_slip, 1),
},
'risk_level': risk_level.name,
'risk_score': risk_level.value,
'submarining_risk': submarining_risk,
'restraint_strategy': restraint_advice,
'airbag_strategy': airbag_advice,
'speed_kmh': self.scenario.speed_kmh,
}
def _classify_posture(self, angle: float) -> str:
if angle <= 28:
return PostureType.NORMAL_UPRIGHT.value
elif angle <= 43:
return PostureType.SEMI_RECLINED.value
else:
return PostureType.FULLY_RECLINED.value
def _get_size_factor(self, size: str, metric: str) -> float:
factors = {
'small': {'hic': 1.2, 'abdominal': 1.3, 'chest': 1.15, 'pelvic_slip': 1.4},
'average': {'hic': 1.0, 'abdominal': 1.0, 'chest': 1.0, 'pelvic_slip': 1.0},
'large': {'hic': 0.9, 'abdominal': 0.85, 'chest': 0.95, 'pelvic_slip': 0.8},
}
return factors.get(size, {}).get(metric, 1.0)
def _get_age_factor(self, age: int, metric: str) -> float:
if age > 65:
return 1.3
elif age < 18:
return 1.2
return 1.0
def _determine_risk(self, metrics: InjuryMetrics, angle: float) -> RiskLevel:
if metrics.hic > self.HIC_THRESHOLD or metrics.abdominal_compression > 70:
return RiskLevel.CRITICAL
elif angle >= 50 or metrics.abdominal_compression > 50:
return RiskLevel.HIGH_RISK
elif angle >= 35 or metrics.abdominal_compression > 40:
return RiskLevel.MEDIUM_RISK
elif angle > 28:
return RiskLevel.LOW_RISK
return RiskLevel.SAFE
def _assess_submarining(self, angle: float, metrics: InjuryMetrics) -> dict:
"""Submarining 风险评估"""
if angle <= 25:
prob = 0.05
elif angle <= 35:
prob = 0.15
elif angle <= 43:
prob = 0.40
elif angle <= 50:
prob = 0.65
else:
prob = 0.85
belt_angle_adjustment = 0
if angle > 25:
belt_angle_adjustment = (angle - 25) * 0.8
return {
'probability': prob,
'pelvic_slip_predicted': metrics.pelvic_slip > 15,
'belt_angle_adjustment_needed': belt_angle_adjustment,
'countermeasure': self._get_submarining_countermeasure(angle)
}
def _get_submarining_countermeasure(self, angle: float) -> List[str]:
measures = []
if angle > 25:
measures.append('anti-submarining ramp 升起')
if angle > 35:
measures.append('腰部气囊激活')
if angle > 43:
measures.append('腰带预紧力 +30%')
measures.append('座椅自动回正至 25°')
if angle > 50:
measures.append('禁用气囊（姿势下气囊有害）')
measures.append('紧急靠边停车指令')
return measures
def _get_restraint_strategy(self, angle: float, risk: RiskLevel) -> dict:
return {
'belt_pretension': 'normal' if risk.value <= 1 else 'increased',
'belt_force_limit': 'standard' if risk.value <= 1 else 'reduced',
'belt_angle_adjustment': max(0, (angle - 25) * 0.8),
'anti_submarining_ramp': angle > 25,
'lumbar_airbag': angle > 35,
'auto_seat_correction': angle > 43,
}
def _get_airbag_strategy(self, angle: float, risk: RiskLevel) -> dict:
if angle > 50:
return {
'front_airbag': 'disabled',
'side_airbag': 'normal',
'curtain_airbag': 'normal',
'reason': '后仰姿态下正面气囊可能造成颈部伤害'
}
elif angle > 35:
return {
'front_airbag': 'low_power_stage1',
'side_airbag': 'normal',
'curtain_airbag': 'normal',
'reason': '降低部署力度减少后仰姿态伤害'
}
return {
'front_airbag': 'normal',
'side_airbag': 'normal',
'curtain_airbag': 'normal',
'reason': '标准部署'
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("=" * 70)
print("座舱 OOP 风险评估系统")
print("基于: NHTSA + Volvo/Chalmers + Euro NCAP 仿真数据")
print("=" * 70)
assessor = OOPRiskAssessment(scenario=CrashScenario(speed_kmh=56))
angles = [25, 30, 35, 43, 50, 60]
print(f"\n{'角度':>6s} {'姿态':>18s} {'HIC':>8s} {'HIC限值比':>10s} "
f"{'腹部压缩':>10s} {'风险':>12s} {'Submarining':>12s}")
print("-" * 90)
for angle in angles:
result = assessor.assess_recline_risk(angle, occupant_size='average', age=35)
m = result['injury_metrics']
sub = result['submarining_risk']
print(f"{angle:5d}° {result['posture']:>18s} "
f"{m['hic']:7.0f} {m['hic_ratio']:9.2f}x "
f"{m['abdominal_compression']:8.1f}mm "
f"{result['risk_level']:>12s} "
f"{sub['probability']:10.0%}")
print(f"\n=== 详细评估: 60° 完全后仰 ===")
result = assessor.assess_recline_risk(60, occupant_size='small', age=45)
print(f"\n乘员: 小体型, 45岁")
print(f"碰撞: {result['speed_kmh']:.0f}km/h 正面")
print(f"姿态: {result['posture']}")
print(f"风险等级: {result['risk_level']}")
print(f"\n伤害指标:")
m = result['injury_metrics']
print(f" HIC: {m['hic']:.0f} (限值 {m['hic_threshold']}, 比值 {m['hic_ratio']:.2f}x)")
print(f" 腹部压缩: {m['abdominal_compression']:.1f}mm (限值 85mm)")
print(f" 胸部压缩: {m['chest_compression']:.1f}mm")
print(f" 骨盆滑移: {m['pelvic_slip']:.1f}mm")
print(f"\nSubmarining 风险:")
sub = result['submarining_risk']
print(f" 概率: {sub['probability']:.0%}")
print(f" 腰带角度调整: {sub['belt_angle_adjustment_needed']:.1f}°")
print(f" 对策: {sub['countermeasure']}")
print(f"\n安全带策略:")
r = result['restraint_strategy']
print(f" 预紧力: {r['belt_pretension']}")
print(f" 反潜入坡: {'✅' if r['anti_submarining_ramp'] else '❌'}")
print(f" 腰部气囊: {'✅' if r['lumbar_airbag'] else '❌'}")
print(f" 座椅自动回正: {'✅' if r['auto_seat_correction'] else '❌'}")
print(f"\n气囊策略:")
a = result['airbag_strategy']
print(f" 正面气囊: {a['front_airbag']}")
print(f" 原因: {a['reason']}")
print(f"\n=== 速度影响: 60° 后仰, 不同碰撞速度 ===")
for speed in [30, 40, 50, 56, 70]:
sc = CrashScenario(speed_kmh=speed)
a = OOPRiskAssessment(sc)
r = a.assess_recline_risk(60, 'average', 35)
m = r['injury_metrics']
print(f" {speed:3d}km/h → HIC={m['hic']:.0f} ({m['hic_ratio']:.2f}x) "
f"腹部={m['abdominal_compression']:.0f}mm "
f"风险={r['risk_level']}")
|
