Seeing Machines 3D Cabin Perception Mapping 深度解析:座舱感知的新纪元

技术突破

CES 2026 重大发布:

Seeing Machines 发布 3D Cabin Perception Mapping 解决方案,实现实时座舱数字重建。

特性 描述
核心能力 实时 3D 座舱重建
覆盖范围 所有乘员(多摄像头)
检测内容 头部姿态、视线、姿态、生命体征
部署形态 多摄像头融合

技术架构

1. 多摄像头融合框架

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"""
Seeing Machines 3D Cabin Perception Mapping 架构

核心能力:
1. 多摄像头标定与融合
2. 实时 3D 重建
3. 全座舱乘员感知
"""

import numpy as np
import cv2
from typing import List, Dict, Tuple

class CabinPerceptionMapping:
"""座舱感知映射系统"""

def __init__(self, camera_configs: List[dict]):
"""
初始化多摄像头系统

Args:
camera_configs: 摄像头配置列表
[{
"id": "driver_cam",
"position": [0.3, 0.1, 1.2], # 米
"rotation": [0, -15, 0], # 度
"fov": 60, # 度
"resolution": [1920, 1080]
}, ...]
"""
self.cameras = []
for config in camera_configs:
cam = Camera3D(
camera_id=config["id"],
position=np.array(config["position"]),
rotation=np.array(config["rotation"]),
fov=config["fov"],
resolution=config["resolution"]
)
self.cameras.append(cam)

# 3D 座舱模型(预标定)
self.cabin_model = self._load_cabin_model()

# 乘员检测器
self.occupant_detector = OccupantDetector3D()

def process_frame(self, frames: Dict[str, np.ndarray]) -> dict:
"""
处理多摄像头帧

Args:
frames: {camera_id: frame}

Returns:
座舱感知结果
"""
# 1. 各摄像头独立检测
detections_2d = {}
for cam_id, frame in frames.items():
detections_2d[cam_id] = self._detect_2d(cam_id, frame)

# 2. 3D 重建(三角化)
detections_3d = self._reconstruct_3d(detections_2d)

# 3. 座舱映射
cabin_map = self._map_to_cabin(detections_3d)

# 4. 生命体征提取
vital_signs = self._extract_vital_signs(frames, detections_3d)

return {
"cabin_map": cabin_map,
"occupants": detections_3d,
"vital_signs": vital_signs
}

def _detect_2d(self, cam_id: str, frame: np.ndarray) -> dict:
"""单摄像头 2D 检测"""
# 人脸关键点
face_landmarks = self._detect_face_landmarks(frame)

# 身体姿态
body_pose = self._detect_body_pose(frame)

# 视线估计
gaze = self._estimate_gaze(frame, face_landmarks)

return {
"face": face_landmarks,
"body": body_pose,
"gaze": gaze
}

def _reconstruct_3d(self, detections_2d: Dict) -> List[dict]:
"""
3D 重建(多视角三角化)

使用多摄像头几何约束重建 3D 坐标
"""
occupants_3d = []

# 假设已匹配同一乘员在不同摄像头中的检测
# 实际实现需要跨摄像头跟踪

for occupant_id in self._match_cross_camera(detections_2d):
points_2d = []
cameras = []

for cam_id, det in detections_2d.items():
if occupant_id in det:
points_2d.append(det[occupant_id]["face"]["nose_tip"])
cameras.append(self._get_camera(cam_id))

if len(points_2d) >= 2:
# 三角化
point_3d = self._triangulate(points_2d, cameras)

# 完整姿态重建
pose_3d = self._reconstruct_pose_3d(
[det[occupant_id] for det in detections_2d.values() if occupant_id in det]
)

occupants_3d.append({
"id": occupant_id,
"position": point_3d,
"pose": pose_3d,
"gaze_3d": self._reconstruct_gaze_3d(occupant_id, detections_2d)
})

return occupants_3d

def _triangulate(self, points_2d: List, cameras: List) -> np.ndarray:
"""三角化求解 3D 点"""
# 构建投影矩阵
P_matrices = []
for cam, point in zip(cameras, points_2d):
P = cam.get_projection_matrix()
P_matrices.append(P)

# 构建线性方程组
A = []
for P, point in zip(P_matrices, points_2d):
x, y = point
A.append(P[2] * x - P[0])
A.append(P[2] * y - P[1])

A = np.array(A)

# SVD 求解
_, _, Vt = np.linalg.svd(A)
X = Vt[-1]
X = X[:3] / X[3] # 归一化

return X

def _map_to_cabin(self, detections_3d: List) -> dict:
"""映射到座舱模型"""
cabin_map = {
"driver": None,
"passengers": [],
"rear_passengers": []
}

for occupant in detections_3d:
pos = occupant["position"]

# 判断位置
if pos[0] < 0.5: # 驾驶员侧
cabin_map["driver"] = occupant
elif pos[0] < 1.5: # 前排乘客
cabin_map["passengers"].append(occupant)
else: # 后排
cabin_map["rear_passengers"].append(occupant)

return cabin_map

def _extract_vital_signs(self, frames: Dict, detections_3d: List) -> Dict:
"""提取生命体征"""
vital_signs = {}

for occupant in detections_3d:
# 呼吸检测(基于胸部运动)
breathing_rate = self._detect_breathing(frames, occupant["id"])

# 心率检测(rPPG)
heart_rate = self._detect_heart_rate(frames, occupant["id"])

vital_signs[occupant["id"]] = {
"breathing_rate": breathing_rate,
"heart_rate": heart_rate
}

return vital_signs

def _detect_breathing(self, frames: Dict, occupant_id: str) -> float:
"""呼吸检测"""
# 简化实现:基于胸部区域的周期性运动
return 16.0 # 次/分钟(假设值)

def _detect_heart_rate(self, frames: Dict, occupant_id: str) -> float:
"""心率检测(rPPG)"""
# 简化实现:基于面部颜色变化
return 72.0 # 次/分钟(假设值)


class Camera3D:
"""3D 摄像头模型"""

def __init__(self, camera_id, position, rotation, fov, resolution):
self.id = camera_id
self.position = position
self.rotation = rotation
self.fov = fov
self.resolution = resolution

# 计算内参矩阵
self.K = self._compute_intrinsics()

# 计算外参矩阵
self.R, self.t = self._compute_extrinsics()

def _compute_intrinsics(self):
"""计算内参矩阵"""
fx = self.resolution[0] / (2 * np.tan(np.radians(self.fov / 2)))
fy = fx
cx = self.resolution[0] / 2
cy = self.resolution[1] / 2

return np.array([
[fx, 0, cx],
[0, fy, cy],
[0, 0, 1]
])

def _compute_extrinsics(self):
"""计算外参矩阵"""
# 旋转矩阵
rx, ry, rz = np.radians(self.rotation)

Rx = np.array([
[1, 0, 0],
[0, np.cos(rx), -np.sin(rx)],
[0, np.sin(rx), np.cos(rx)]
])

Ry = np.array([
[np.cos(ry), 0, np.sin(ry)],
[0, 1, 0],
[-np.sin(ry), 0, np.cos(ry)]
])

Rz = np.array([
[np.cos(rz), -np.sin(rz), 0],
[np.sin(rz), np.cos(rz), 0],
[0, 0, 1]
])

R = Rz @ Ry @ Rx
t = self.position

return R, t

def get_projection_matrix(self):
"""获取投影矩阵"""
extrinsic = np.hstack([self.R, self.t.reshape(-1, 1)])
return self.K @ extrinsic


class OccupantDetector3D:
"""3D 乘员检测器"""

def detect(self, frame):
# 实际实现使用深度学习模型
pass


# 测试示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置多摄像头
cameras = [
{
"id": "driver",
"position": [0.3, 0.1, 1.2],
"rotation": [0, -15, 0],
"fov": 60,
"resolution": [1920, 1080]
},
{
"id": "passenger",
"position": [1.2, 0.1, 1.2],
"rotation": [0, 15, 0],
"fov": 60,
"resolution": [1920, 1080]
},
{
"id": "rear",
"position": [0.75, -0.5, 1.5],
"rotation": [-10, 0, 0],
"fov": 90,
"resolution": [1920, 1080]
}
]

system = CabinPerceptionMapping(cameras)

# 模拟帧输入
frames = {
"driver": np.random.randint(0, 255, (1080, 1920, 3), dtype=np.uint8),
"passenger": np.random.randint(0, 255, (1080, 1920, 3), dtype=np.uint8),
"rear": np.random.randint(0, 255, (1080, 1920, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
}

result = system.process_frame(frames)
print(f"座舱映射完成")
print(f"检测到 {len(result['occupants'])} 名乘员")

2. 核心检测能力

检测项 描述 精度
头部姿态 3D 旋转角度 < 2° 误差
视线方向 3D 视线向量 < 3° 误差
身体姿态 全身关键点 < 5cm 误差
生命体征 呼吸/心率 呼吸:±2次/分

与竞品对比

座舱感知方案对比

方案 Seeing Machines Smart Eye Cipia
3D 重建 ✅ 实时 ⚠️ 部分 ❌ 无
全座舱覆盖 ✅ 多摄像头 ⚠️ 单摄像头 ⚠️ 单摄像头
生命体征 ✅ 支持 ⚠️ 有限 ❌ 无
OOP 检测 ✅ 3D 姿态 ⚠️ 2D 估计 ⚠️ 有限
部署成本 中等 中等 低

Euro NCAP 2026 合规性

OOP(异常姿态)检测要求

Euro NCAP 2026 要求检测异常姿态,Seeing Machines 3D 方案完全覆盖:

OOP 场景 描述 检测方法
躺卧姿态 乘员躺卧在座椅上 3D 身体姿态估计
探出车外 头部/身体探出窗外 3D 边界框检测
脚部抬起 脚放在仪表台 3D 关键点检测
反向坐姿 面向后方 头部姿态 + 身体朝向
儿童站立 儿童在车内站立 高度 + 姿态判断
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"""
OOP 异常姿态检测实现
"""

class OOPDetector:
"""异常姿态检测器"""

def __init__(self):
# 正常姿态约束(基于人体测量学)
self.constraints = {
"head_height_range": (0.8, 1.5), # 米(相对座舱地板)
"body_angle_range": (-30, 30), # 度(相对垂直线)
"leg_angle_range": (-10, 90), # 度(相对水平线)
"arm_angle_range": (-90, 180) # 度
}

def detect_oop(self, pose_3d: dict) -> dict:
"""
检测异常姿态

Args:
pose_3d: 3D 姿态数据

Returns:
异常姿态列表及严重程度
"""
oop_events = []

# 1. 检测躺卧姿态
if self._is_reclined(pose_3d):
oop_events.append({
"type": "reclined",
"severity": "medium",
"description": "乘员躺卧姿态"
})

# 2. 检测探出车外
if self._is_outside_window(pose_3d):
oop_events.append({
"type": "out_of_window",
"severity": "critical",
"description": "乘员探出窗外"
})

# 3. 检测脚部抬起
if self._is_feet_up(pose_3d):
oop_events.append({
"type": "feet_up",
"severity": "medium",
"description": "脚放在仪表台"
})

# 4. 检测反向坐姿
if self._is_backward(pose_3d):
oop_events.append({
"type": "backward_facing",
"severity": "low",
"description": "反向坐姿"
})

return {
"has_oop": len(oop_events) > 0,
"events": oop_events
}

def _is_reclined(self, pose: dict) -> bool:
"""判断是否躺卧"""
body_angle = pose.get("body_angle", 0)
return abs(body_angle) > 45 # 超过 45 度视为躺卧

def _is_outside_window(self, pose: dict) -> bool:
"""判断是否探出窗外"""
head_pos = pose.get("head_position", [0, 0, 0])

# 假设车窗边界
window_boundary = {
"x_min": -0.8,
"x_max": 1.8,
"y_min": -0.2
}

return (head_pos[0] < window_boundary["x_min"] or
head_pos[0] > window_boundary["x_max"] or
head_pos[1] < window_boundary["y_min"])

def _is_feet_up(self, pose: dict) -> bool:
"""判断脚部是否抬起"""
feet_height = pose.get("feet_height", 0)
return feet_height > 0.5 # 超过 50cm

def _is_backward(self, pose: dict) -> bool:
"""判断是否反向坐姿"""
head_yaw = pose.get("head_yaw", 0)
body_yaw = pose.get("body_yaw", 0)

return abs(head_yaw) > 120 or abs(body_yaw) > 90

IMS 开发启示

1. 多摄像头部署策略

2. 传感器选型建议

配置方案 摄像头数量 覆盖范围 Euro NCAP 分值
经济型 1 仅驾驶员 DSM 5分
标准型 2 前排 DSM + OMS 10分
完整型 4 全座舱 DSM + OMS + CPD 15分

3. 算法集成框架

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"""
IMS 3D 座舱感知集成框架
"""

class IMS3DCabinPerception:
"""IMS 3D 座舱感知系统"""

def __init__(self, config: dict):
# 初始化多摄像头系统
self.camera_system = CabinPerceptionMapping(config["cameras"])

# 功能模块
self.dms = DriverMonitoringSystem()
self.oms = OccupantMonitoringSystem()
self.cpd = ChildPresenceDetection()
self.oop = OOPDetector()

def process(self, frames: Dict[str, np.ndarray]) -> dict:
"""综合处理"""
# 1. 3D 座舱感知
cabin_result = self.camera_system.process_frame(frames)

# 2. DMS 检测
dms_result = self.dms.detect(cabin_result["cabin_map"]["driver"])

# 3. OMS 检测
oms_result = self.oms.detect(cabin_result["cabin_map"])

# 4. CPD 检测(熄火后)
cpd_result = self.cpd.detect(cabin_result["cabin_map"])

# 5. OOP 检测
oop_result = [self.oop.detect_oop(occ) for occ in cabin_result["occupants"]]

return {
"dms": dms_result,
"oms": oms_result,
"cpd": cpd_result,
"oop": oop_result,
"vital_signs": cabin_result["vital_signs"]
}

总结

Seeing Machines 3D Cabin Perception 关键要点:

  1. 实时 3D 重建:突破传统 2D 感知局限
  2. 全座舱覆盖:多摄像头融合
  3. 生命体征检测:呼吸 + 心率
  4. OOP 完整支持:满足 Euro NCAP 2026
  5. 可扩展架构:Clean-sheet 设计

IMS 集成建议:

  • 优先实现多摄像头标定框架
  • 部署 3D 重建算法
  • 集成 OOP 检测模块
  • 准备生命体征检测能力
  • 规划全座舱摄像头布局

参考资料:

  1. Seeing Machines 3D Cabin Perception Mapping CES 2026 Press Release
  2. Seeing Machines 3D Sensing Whitepaper (2025)
  3. Euro NCAP 2026 OOP Detection Requirements