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| """ GB 44721-2026 L3 接管流程模拟 国家标准要求的接管能力监测实现框架
关键时间节点: - T-10s: 系统评估场景,决定需要接管 - T-7s: 发出接管请求(视觉+听觉+触觉) - T-7s ~ T-0: 持续监测接管能力 - T-0: 接管超时,执行最小风险策略 """
import numpy as np from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import Optional
@dataclass class TakeoverRequest: """接管请求""" timestamp: float reason: str urgency: str visual_alert: bool = True audio_alert: bool = True haptic_alert: bool = True
@dataclass class DriverReadiness: """驾驶员就绪度评估""" timestamp: float eyes_on_road: bool gaze_forward: bool head_upright: bool hands_on_wheel: bool alertness_score: float readiness_score: float
class GB44721TakeoverMonitor: """ GB 44721-2026 接管能力监测器 标准要求: 1. 持续监测驾驶员状态 2. 评估接管能力 3. 发出接管请求 4. 超时执行最小风险策略 技术实现: - PERCLOS 疲劳检测 - 视线方向检测 - 头部姿态检测 - 手部位置检测 - 综合就绪度评分 """ READINESS_THRESHOLDS = { 'ready': 0.80, 'marginal': 0.50, 'not_ready': 0.0, } TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_NORMAL = 10.0 TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_URGENT = 5.0 TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_EMERGENCY = 3.0 def __init__(self): self.driver_state_history = [] self.takeover_request: Optional[TakeoverRequest] = None self.minimal_risk_triggered = False def assess_readiness(self, dms_data: dict) -> DriverReadiness: """ 评估驾驶员接管就绪度 Args: dms_data: DMS 传感器数据 - eye_openness: 0-1 - gaze_direction: (x, y) degrees - head_pitch: degrees - hands_on_wheel: bool - perclos: % - reaction_time: seconds (如果可测) Returns: readiness: 就绪度评估 """ eyes_open = dms_data.get('eye_openness', 0) > 0.3 eyes_on_road = eyes_open and dms_data.get('gaze_direction', (0,0))[1] < 15 gaze_x, gaze_y = dms_data.get('gaze_direction', (0, 0)) gaze_forward = abs(gaze_x) < 20 and abs(gaze_y) < 15 head_pitch = dms_data.get('head_pitch', 0) head_upright = -15 < head_pitch < 15 hands_on_wheel = dms_data.get('hands_on_wheel', False) perclos = dms_data.get('perclos', 0) alertness = max(0, 1.0 - perclos / 20.0) weights = { 'eyes': 0.25, 'gaze': 0.25, 'head': 0.15, 'hands': 0.15, 'alertness': 0.20, } scores = { 'eyes': 1.0 if eyes_on_road else 0.0, 'gaze': 1.0 if gaze_forward else 0.3, 'head': 1.0 if head_upright else 0.3, 'hands': 1.0 if hands_on_wheel else 0.5, 'alertness': alertness, } readiness_score = sum(scores[k] * weights[k] for k in weights) return DriverReadiness( timestamp=dms_data.get('timestamp', 0), eyes_on_road=eyes_on_road, gaze_forward=gaze_forward, head_upright=head_upright, hands_on_wheel=hands_on_wheel, alertness_score=alertness, readiness_score=readiness_score, ) def monitor_takeover(self, readiness: DriverReadiness, takeover_request: TakeoverRequest, current_time: float) -> dict: """ 监测接管过程 Returns: status: 接管状态和建议动作 """ elapsed = current_time - takeover_request.timestamp timeout = { 'normal': self.TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_NORMAL, 'urgent': self.TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_URGENT, 'emergency': self.TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_EMERGENCY, }.get(takeover_request.urgency, 10.0) if readiness.readiness_score >= self.READINESS_THRESHOLDS['ready']: status = 'takeover_complete' action = '移交控制权' confidence = readiness.readiness_score elif readiness.readiness_score >= self.READINESS_THRESHOLDS['marginal']: if elapsed < timeout: status = 'monitoring' action = '继续监测+加强提醒' confidence = readiness.readiness_score else: status = 'timeout_warning' action = '即将超时+加强警告' confidence = 0.5 else: if elapsed < timeout: status = 'not_ready' action = '加强唤醒+升级警告' confidence = 0.3 else: status = 'minimal_risk' action = '执行最小风险策略(靠边停车)' confidence = 0.0 self.minimal_risk_triggered = True return { 'status': status, 'action': action, 'elapsed_sec': elapsed, 'timeout_sec': timeout, 'remaining_sec': max(0, timeout - elapsed), 'readiness_score': readiness.readiness_score, 'confidence': confidence, }
if __name__ == "__main__": np.random.seed(42) monitor = GB44721TakeoverMonitor() print("=== GB 44721-2026 接管能力监测器 ===") print(f"就绪阈值: {monitor.READINESS_THRESHOLDS}") print(f"超时时间: 正常={monitor.TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_NORMAL}s, " f"紧急={monitor.TAKEOVER_TIMEOUT_EMERGENCY}s") print("\n--- 场景1:理想接管 ---") request = TakeoverRequest( timestamp=0, reason='前方施工', urgency='normal' ) for t in [1, 3, 5, 7]: dms = { 'timestamp': t, 'eye_openness': 0.9, 'gaze_direction': (5, 10), 'head_pitch': 5, 'hands_on_wheel': True, 'perclos': 5, } readiness = monitor.assess_readiness(dms) status = monitor.monitor_takeover(readiness, request, t) print(f" T+{t}s: 就绪度={readiness.readiness_score:.2f}, " f"状态={status['status']}, 建议={status['action']}") print("\n--- 场景2:疲劳驾驶员未接管 ---") monitor2 = GB44721TakeoverMonitor() request2 = TakeoverRequest( timestamp=0, reason='前方事故', urgency='urgent' ) for t in [1, 3, 5, 7]: dms = { 'timestamp': t, 'eye_openness': 0.2, 'gaze_direction': (30, 20), 'head_pitch': 25, 'hands_on_wheel': False, 'perclos': 35, } readiness = monitor2.assess_readiness(dms) status = monitor2.monitor_takeover(readiness, request2, t) print(f" T+{t}s: 就绪度={readiness.readiness_score:.2f}, " f"状态={status['status']}, 建议={status['action']}, " f"剩余={status['remaining_sec']:.1f}s") print(f"\n 最小风险策略触发: {monitor2.minimal_risk_triggered}") print("\n=== GB 44721-2026 合规清单 ===") checklist = [ ('驾驶人接管能力监测', 'L3必须', '2027.07前实现'), ('接管请求系统', '视觉+听觉+触觉', '2027.07前实现'), ('最小风险策略', '超时自动执行', '2027.07前实现'), ('系统状态显示', 'HUD/仪表显示', '2027.07前实现'), ('数据记录功能', 'DSS存储', '2027.07前实现'), ('功能安全认证', 'ASIL B/D', '型式批准前'), ('测试验证数据', '接管场景测试', '型式批准前'), ] for item, req, deadline in checklist: print(f" [ ] {item}: {req} ({deadline})") print("\n=== 实施时间线 ===") timeline = [ ('2026.08', 'GB 44721-2026 发布'), ('2026.09-2027.06', '开发&验证期(10个月)'), ('2027.07.01', '新车型式批准执行'), ('2027.07-2028.06', '已批准车型缓冲期'), ('2028.07.01', '全面覆盖所有车型'), ] for date, event in timeline: print(f" {date}: {event}")
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