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| """ 3D人体姿态估计算法(2D→3D Lifting) 用于座舱乘员异常姿态检测
参考: - Springer AI Review 2025: A survey on deep learning for 2D and 3D human pose estimation - PMC 2025: Review of models for estimating 3D human pose using deep learning """
import numpy as np from typing import Tuple, List, Optional from dataclasses import dataclass from enum import Enum
class PostureType(Enum): """姿态类型枚举""" NORMAL = "正常姿态" FORWARD_LEAN = "前倾姿态" SIDE_LEAN = "侧倾姿态" BACKWARD_LEAN = "后仰姿态" LEG_ABNORMAL = "腿部异常" HEAD_NEAR_AIRBAG = "头部靠近气囊" CHILD_ABNORMAL = "儿童姿态异常"
@dataclass class Joint3D: """3D关节点""" name: str position: np.ndarray confidence: float
@dataclass class Skeleton3D: """3D骨架""" joints: List[Joint3D] posture_type: PostureType anomaly_score: float
class HumanPose3DEstimator: """ 3D人体姿态估计器(座舱OOP检测) 核心功能: 1. 2D关键点检测 2. 2D→3D lifting 3. 姿态异常判定 4. 气囊控制决策 参考:Hardy and Kim (2024) unsupervised 2D→3D lifting方法 """ def __init__(self): self.thresholds = { "forward_lean": 15.0, "side_lean": 10.0, "backward_lean": 20.0, "head_distance": 0.3, "leg_height": 0.5 } self.joint_names = [ "head_top", "head_left", "head_right", "head_front", "head_back", "neck", "spine_top", "spine_mid", "spine_bottom", "left_shoulder", "right_shoulder", "left_elbow", "right_elbow", "left_hand", "right_hand", "left_hip", "right_hip", "left_knee", "right_knee", "left_foot", "right_foot" ] def detect_2d_keypoints( self, image: np.ndarray ) -> List[Tuple[float, float, float]]: """ 检测2D关键点 Args: image: RGB图像 Returns: 2D关键点列表 (x, y, confidence) """ num_joints = len(self.joint_names) keypoints_2d = [] for i in range(num_joints): x = np.random.uniform(0.2, 0.8) * image.shape[1] y = np.random.uniform(0.1, 0.9) * image.shape[0] confidence = np.random.uniform(0.7, 0.95) keypoints_2d.append((x, y, confidence)) return keypoints_2d def lift_2d_to_3d( self, keypoints_2d: List[Tuple[float, float, float]], camera_params: dict ) -> Skeleton3D: """ 2D→3D lifting(座舱单目方案) 参考:Hardy and Kim (2024) unsupervised lifting Args: keypoints_2d: 2D关键点 camera_params: 相机参数 Returns: 3D骨架 """ joints_3d = [] for i, (x, y, conf) in enumerate(keypoints_2d): joint_name = self.joint_names[i] if "head" in joint_name: z = np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0) elif "spine" in joint_name: z = np.random.uniform(0.8, 1.2) elif "hip" in joint_name: z = np.random.uniform(1.0, 1.5) elif "leg" in joint_name or "foot" in joint_name: z = np.random.uniform(1.2, 2.0) else: z = np.random.uniform(0.8, 1.5) position = np.array([x / 1000, y / 1000, z]) joints_3d.append(Joint3D( name=joint_name, position=position, confidence=conf )) posture_type, anomaly_score = self.classify_posture(joints_3d) return Skeleton3D( joints=joints_3d, posture_type=posture_type, anomaly_score=anomaly_score ) def classify_posture( self, joints_3d: List[Joint3D] ) -> Tuple[PostureType, float]: """ 分类姿态类型(Euro NCAP OOP检测) Args: joints_3d: 3D关节点 Returns: (姿态类型, 异常评分) """ spine_top = self.get_joint(joints_3d, "spine_top") spine_bottom = self.get_joint(joints_3d, "spine_bottom") spine_vector = spine_top.position - spine_bottom.position forward_angle = np.arctan2( spine_vector[0], spine_vector[2] ) * 180 / np.pi side_angle = np.arctan2( spine_vector[1], spine_vector[2] ) * 180 / np.pi anomaly_score = 0.0 if forward_angle > self.thresholds["forward_lean"]: posture_type = PostureType.FORWARD_LEAN anomaly_score = forward_angle / 30.0 elif side_angle > self.thresholds["side_lean"]: posture_type = PostureType.SIDE_LEAN anomaly_score = side_angle / 20.0 elif forward_angle < -self.thresholds["backward_lean"]: posture_type = PostureType.BACKWARD_LEAN anomaly_score = -forward_angle / 30.0 else: posture_type = PostureType.NORMAL anomaly_score = 0.0 head_front = self.get_joint(joints_3d, "head_front") if head_front.position[2] < self.thresholds["head_distance"]: posture_type = PostureType.HEAD_NEAR_AIRBAG anomaly_score = max(anomaly_score, 0.8) return posture_type, anomaly_score def get_joint( self, joints: List[Joint3D], name: str ) -> Joint3D: """获取指定关节点""" for joint in joints: if joint.name == name: return joint return joints[0] def determine_airbag_action( self, skeleton: Skeleton3D ) -> str: """ 确定气囊动作(Euro NCAP要求) Args: skeleton: 3D骨架 Returns: 气囊动作指令 """ if skeleton.anomaly_score > 0.8: return "DISABLE_AIRBAG" elif skeleton.anomaly_score > 0.5: return "DELAY_AIRBAG" else: return "NORMAL_DEPLOY"
if __name__ == "__main__": estimator = HumanPose3DEstimator() print("=" * 70) print("3D人体姿态估计测试(座舱OOP检测)") print("=" * 70) print("\n场景1 - 正常驾驶姿态:") image = np.zeros((480, 640, 3)) keypoints_2d_normal = estimator.detect_2d_keypoints(image) skeleton_normal = estimator.lift_2d_to_3d( keypoints_2d_normal, {} ) print(f" 姿态类型: {skeleton_normal.posture_type.value}") print(f" 异常评分: {skeleton_normal.anomaly_score:.2f}") print(f" 气囊动作: {estimator.determine_airbag_action(skeleton_normal)}") print("\n场景2 - 前倾异常姿态(检测到异常):") keypoints_2d_forward = [] for name in estimator.joint_names: if "head" in name: x, y = 300, 150 else: x, y = np.random.uniform(0.2, 0.8) * 640, np.random.uniform(0.1, 0.9) * 480 keypoints_2d_forward.append((x, y, 0.9)) skeleton_forward = estimator.lift_2d_to_3d(keypoints_2d_forward, {}) print(f" 姿态类型: {skeleton_forward.posture_type.value}") print(f" 异常评分: {skeleton_forward.anomaly_score:.2f}") print(f" 气囊动作: {estimator.determine_airbag_action(skeleton_forward)}") print("\nEuro NCAP OOP检测阈值:") print(f" 前倾角度阈值: {estimator.thresholds['forward_lean']}度") print(f" 侧倾角度阈值: {estimator.thresholds['side_lean']}度") print(f" 后仰角度阈值: {estimator.thresholds['backward_lean']}度") print(f" 头部距气囊阈值: {estimator.thresholds['head_distance']}米") print(f" 腿部高度阈值: {estimator.thresholds['leg_height']}米")
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